Wei C, Wang H, Liu G, Wu M, Cao J, Liu Z, Liu R, Zhao F, Zhang L, Lu J, Liu C, Du L. BMC Genomics. breeds was 0.048%, ranging from 0.022% to 0.054%, indicating their low to moderate di erentiation. Background Commercial sheep raised for mutton grow faster than traditional Chinese sheep breeds. The changes in diversity based on between-breed variation ranged from -12.2% (Valais Blacknose) to 0% (Swiss Black Brown Mountain and Mirror Sheep); based on within-breed diversity the removal of a breed could also produce an increase in diversity (-0.6% to + 0.6%). Together these factors have accelerated the loss of … The present study emphasizes the genetic diversity, extending our previous study. High heterozygosity values in the investigated population revealed low level of inbreeding, low selection pressure. See this image and copyright information in PMC. The polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.7029 (OarHH41) to 0.9164 (OarHH35) with a mean of 0.8441±0.012, which showed high level of genetic variability. Here, we aimed to evaluate genetic selection among three different types of sheep breed: two well-known commercial mutton breeds and one indigenous Chinese breed. Iranian sheep have a low level of genetic differentiation, as indicated by the analysis of molecular variance, which allocated a very small proportion (1.67%) of total variation to the between-population component, and by the small fixation index (FST = 0.02). The Fis ranged from 0.01 in Corriedale to 0.15 for the Persian Black Head breed, suggesting that there are presenting low to moderate levels of inbreeding. In general, the markers used were greatly polymorphic, with mean total and effective number of alleles per locus of 10.68 and 4.33, respectively, and an expected heterozygosity of 0.667 across loci. Other SNP loci did not deviate from HWE (p>0.05) revealing that the population was in HWE proportions. The nose line is convex. The most common sheep breeds are Mongol Khalha, Gov-altai, Baidrag, Bayad, Uzenchin, Sumber and number of other breeds, all being of the fat-tailed family of breeds. Interestingly, mutations at the two loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium. DNA polymorphisms were previously identified using capillary electrophoresis analysis (CE). Population contribution to genetic diversity can be estimated using neutral variation. This will be a challenging year for the Sheep natives. The domestication of livestock represented a crucial step in human history. All 10 Chinese sheep breeds belonged to the "Mongolian sheep" lineage; however, Finnish Landrace sheep and Yunnan sheep could not be classified into any of the four groups. The genetic differen-tiation pattern and genetic relationships among Chinese sheep breeds displayed a high consistency with the traditional classification. Overall, our results are helpful in understanding the interplay of population dynamics in these close genetic lineages of Mongolian sheep. The mean number of alleles (MNA) per population ranged from 2.5 to 7.6, with an average of 5.8. The software used for this article is available from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/ approximately pritch/home. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed to assess the distribution of STR variation as a function of both breed membership and geographic origin, the results of which revealed the structure based on phylogeny to be evidently stronger than the structure based on geographic origin. 2011), Northern Eurasia (Tapio et al. These information provide useful data for further study on the protection of genetic resources and the taxonomy of Caprinae. Animals clustered on the basis of principal component (PC) analysis using individual…, Fig 2. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses displayed a remarkable degree of The number of alleles varied from 10 for loci SRCRSP5 and SRCRSP9 to 23 for the locus ILSTS28. Genome-wide association studies for growth and meat production traits in sheep. 2011) have been reported. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) and the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) for the whole Çine Çaparı population under conservation were 0.727 and 0.789, respectively. are highly meat productive sheep breeds. Hair Productive Sheep Breeds: Merino, Rambouillet etc. Hair & Meat Productive Sheep Breeds: … It is also shown that the agreement between patristic and observed genetic distances is not a good indicator of the goodness of the tree obtained. In the computer simulation, eight OTUs (32 OTUs in one case) were assumed to evolve according to a given model tree, and the evolutionary change of a sequence of 300 nucleotides was followed. The breed relationship inferences, which are based on genetic distance, provide additional tools for consideration in future crossbreeding studies and for testing the relationship between quantified breed diversity and observed heterosis. The genetic differentiation pattern and genetic relationships among Chinese sheep breeds displayed a high consistency with the traditional classification. Sheep and Goat Breeds in China. The accuracies and efficiencies of four different methods for constructing phylogenetic trees from molecular data were examined by using computer simulation. Liu Z, Ji Z, Wang G, Chao T, Hou L, Wang J. BMC Genomics. Breeds of Domestic Animal We also identified known candidate genes such as BMPR1B, MSRB3, and three genes (KIT, MC1R, and FRY) that influence lambing percentage, ear size and coat phenotypes, respectively. 2020 Mar 17;11(3):320. doi: 10.3390/genes11030320. it) was between 0.167 (OarAE101) and 0.044 (MAF33). The incomplete demarcations of most clusters probably reflects cross-breeding and/or upgrading. 2021 Jan 15;11(1):192. doi: 10.3390/ani11010192. In this study, we found high genetic polymorphisms for the microsatellites, while 7 loci in the Chinese superfine Merino strain (Xinjiang types) (CMS) and 5 loci in Gansu alpine superfine-wool sheep strain (GSS) groups were found deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). 2012; ... Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are short DNA sequences in which a 1-6-bp motif is tandemly repeated (Wan et al., 2004). Breed contributions to total gene diversity, allelic richness and mean allele-sharing distance between individuals were measured. There are more than 70 goat breeds in the country, including 58 indigenous breeds, seven improved breeds, and five introduced breeds. The Hu sheep is one of the most distinctive local sheep breeds in China with origins in Mongolia, and is commonly recognized for its thick lambskins. In conclusion, all tested markers were polymorphic and high informative for analysis genetic diversity of Edilbay sheep breeds. Four SSR loci of different complexity in sheep, namely MAF209, MCM140, CB226, and SRCRSP5, were assessed using the LightScanners System with LC Greens PLUS DNA binding dye. There are 12 Chinese zodiac signs, and each sign lasts for a year.The cycle of zodiac signs renews once every twelve years. Objective: At the end of the simulated evolution five genetic distance measures (Nei's standard and minimum distances, Rogers' distance, Cavalli-Sforza's f theta, and the modified Cavalli-Sforza distance) were computed for all pairs of species, and the distance matrix obtained for each distance measure was used for reconstructing a phylogenetic tree. All rights reserved. Genome-wide analysis reveals signatures of selection for important traits in domestic sheep from different ecoregions. Basic diversity indices, namely, gene frequencies, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS), and testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were estimated using package for elementary analysis of SNP data software program. It’s still relatively rare to find a … For reproduction traits, CCNB2 and SLC8A3 affect oocyte development. Bonus: Chinese Dog Vocabulary included too. All rights reserved. Our research team found a resource group in Pishan County, southern Xinjiang. Three-branch phylogeny constructed from pairwise…. Phylogenetic analysis showed fine-wool sheep populations were clustered in a group independent from the Chinese indigenous breeds such that the 7 fine-wool sheep clustered distinct from Liangshan semifine-wool sheep (LS) and Hu sheep (HY) reflected by different population differentiation analyses. A census of the entire domestic animals stock of the country is carried out annually. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066569. or even resulted in the extinction of some indigenous breeds. The present study provides new information about the population genetics parameters of fat-tailed sheep in southern Jordan. SNP data of four Nepalese thin-tailed sheep breeds (i.e., Bhyanglung, Baruwal, Lampuchhre and Kage sheep) were generated in our lab . China HONGFA White Park Cattle Similar Breeds Red And White Beef Cattle About Pig Farming Indigenous Breeds Of Sheep German Shee $100,000.00 / Set 1 Set (Min Order) All these results will give approach for breeding three farms of Edilbay sheep breeds. 2020 Feb 10;11(2):183. doi: 10.3390/genes11020183. Princeton University Press, Princeton. When the expected number of gene substitutions (M) for the shortest branch is 0.1 or more per locus and 30 or more loci are used, the topological error as measured by the distortion index (dT) is not great, but the probability of obtaining the correct topology (P) is less than 0.5 even with 60 loci. Nei genetic distances of Edilbay sheep populations ranged from 0,157 to 0,665 and the smallest genetic distance (0,157) was between Bayserke­Agro and Birlik. A total of 55 sequences containing the Ovis aries mtDNA D-loop of three large-fat-tailed sheep breeds, named Lanzhou, Tong, and Han were retrieved from GenBank to investigate their genetic diversity, origin, and phylogenetic evolution. Our model does not assume a particular mutation process, and it can be applied to most of the commonly used genetic markers, provided that they are not closely linked. These results contribute to the knowledge of Tibetan sheep populations and will help inform future conservation programs about the Tibetan sheep native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. (Source: Science and Technology Daily) Agricultural experts say the newly-developed technology can help establish optimal breeding programs and reduce the country’s dependence on imports. The genetic differentiation patterns and genetic relationships among Chinese sheep breeds displayed a high consistency with the traditional classification. The main reason for this seems to be that the Farris method often gives overestimates of branch lengths. Ovines (Sheep), such as the Galway Sheep. You can request the full-text of this article directly from the authors on ResearchGate. The northern European sheep demonstrated signs of reduction in effective population size. in MC1R gene. This study will help to interpret the genetic characters of Chinese indigenous sheep and benefit to the future conservation programs. In the present study, we provide evidence for the genetic determinants of fat tails, based on whole genome sequences of 89 individual sheep. Indications of changes in population size and admixtures of divergent ancestries were investigated and the extent of inbreeding was estimated. This is the first report on the genetic diversity of Akkaraman sheep varieties, and the data generated by this research could be useful to constitute a source for sustainable development of genetic resources and conservation activities to avoid losses of world livestock genetic heritage. Mitochondrial DNA was screened by PCR single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), leading to the identification of novel band patterns in ND2 and ND4 genes in the Chinese breeds. the whole data set without division into colour varieties and flocks; (2) the two colour varieties; and (3) five flocks (three blacks and two whites). Mode shift analysis for bottleneck excluded Tiruchy Black population from a genetic bottleneck. Genome-wide analysis reveals population structure and selection in Chinese indigenous sheep breeds. With the establishment of modern sheep production systems in China, various forms of hybridization with Western breeds and In the present study, we provide evidence that a novel maternal lineage (haplotype C) is exhibited in Chinese native sheep. The mean numbers of observed alleles per locus were relatively low with values of 5.43, 5.73, 5.90 and 5.70 in Katjang, Jamnapari, Boer and Savanna goats, respectively. In obtaining a good topology (small dT and high P) UPGMA and the modified Farris method generally show a better performance than the Farris method. China Breeds Sheep, Breeds Sheep from China Supplier - Find Variety Breeds Sheep from awassi sheep ,sheep shearing machines ,sheep casing, Fowl & Livestock Suppliers Located in China, Buy Breeds Sheep Made in China on Alibaba.com Generally, these Chinese dogs breeds are large and heavy-boned with square muscles and broadheads. A genome-wide scan of selective sweep identified several candidate loci including a region at chromosome 13, a haplotype of which underwent rapid evolution and spread through fat-tailed populations in China and the Middle East. distruct provides a general method for visualizing these estimated membership coefficients. It’s why they have such loud and deep barks. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is characterized by a set of allele frequencies at each locus. Many old, small populations made a substantial positive contribution to total molecular variation, but populations with several divergent major ancestries did not contribute substantially to molecular variation, with the exception of the Norwegian Rygja sheep. It was developed by crossing Tibetan or Mongolian sheep with Xinjiang Fine-wool and then with some fine-wool sheep breeds from Russia (such as Caucasian and Salsk).. A total of 203 alleles were observed in the sampled population for the 25 marker loci under investigation. They are probably one of the most recognizable breeds on this Chinese dog breeds list and are known worldwide for their unusual lack of fur.. Genome-Wide Analysis and Function Prediction of Long Noncoding RNAs in Sheep Pituitary Gland Associated with Sexual Maturation.  |  Nature. Genomic Diversity, Population Structure, and Signature of Selection in Five Chinese Native Sheep Breeds Adapted to Extreme Environments. The fleece of Hu sheep consists of white coarse wool and heterotypical fibers. It is therefore important that efficient strategies for surveillance, Probabilities of assignment of the Assaf.E individuals to native Spanish dairy sheep breeds and cryptic genetic structure in the whole dataset were also assessed. The genetic diversity indices suggested that the intra-population variation levels of Chinese Merino and Large-tailed Han,breeds were lowest than Kazakh Fat-Rumped. The results showed that the Katjang goat population had a high level of inbreeding compared to the other goat breeds. The c.334G>T transversion led to the conversion of glycine to tryptophan at the 112th amino acid in the T‐box domain of the brachyury protein. 2007) but are greater than those observed in European (Handley et al. 2007), Chinese, ... Tan sheep is raised mainly in Ningxia province and well adapted to the local dry, windy environment; possess a desired trans-species coat trait-curly pelage (Taylor et al., 2000). This study on the genetic diversity analysis of the Kilakarsal and Vembur sheep breeds revealed considerable genetic variation within the breeds and it can be utilized to improve desirable traits. A JOINT Australian-Chinese initiative to boost China’s sheep meat production by doubling the production of local flocks over the next 3-5 years was announced this week. When M is as small as 0.004, P is substantially lower. Abstract: The genetic variability and genetic relationship of the fifteen sheep breeds were studied. Katjang goats showed the lowest observed heterozygosity with a value of 0.36. Bayesian clustering of individuals without prior population information revealed the most appropriate K with nine genetic clusters. The results of this comparison indicate that when the coefficient of variation of branch length is large the Farris and modified Farris methods tend to be better than UPGMA and the F/M method for obtaining a good topology. To determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Chinese sheep, 10 indigenous breeds and one introduced breed were genotyped for 19 microsatellite loci. Zheng, P.L., 1988. © 2014, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. Results Background: Commercial sheep raised for mutton grow faster than traditional Chinese sheep breeds. The results showed that … 2015 Mar 17;16(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1384-9. Conclusions Furthermore, Churra individuals may have participated in the formation of the Assaf.E breed at an early moment of the introduction of the breed into Spain. The mean number of effective alleles was 4.48±0.27 across all loci. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). The methods examined are UPGMA, Fitch and Margoliash's (1967) (F/M) method, Farris' (1972) method, and the modified Farris method (Tateno, Nei, and Tajima, this paper). The overall heterozygote deficit across all the populations (F In the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of wild Huoba Tibetan sheep for the first time. In addition, crossbreeding experiments for long‐tailed and tailless sheep showed that CT/CT allele of nucleotides (nt) 333 and 334, a recessive mutation, would cause sheep tails to be shorter, suggesting that these two linked variants at nucleotides 333 and 334 in TBXT are probably causative mutations responsible for the tailless phenotype in sheep. Microsatellite variation was studied at 25 loci in 20 native and 12 modern or imported northern European sheep breeds. It is concluded that genetic differentiation of sheep breeds of Mongolian group in China is mainly the result of natural selection (different living conditions). Gene frequency data, Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data, Null allele at the OarAE129 locus and corresponding allele frequencies in German sheep breeds, A novel maternal lineage revealed in sheep (Ovis aries), Origin, genetic diversity, and population structure of Chinese domestic sheep, Genetic diversity among Angus, American Brahman, Senepol and Romosinuano cattle breeds, Genetic diversity and subdivision of 57 European and Middle-Eastern sheep breeds, Genetic diversity in native and commercial breeds of pig in Portugal assessed by microsatellites. Animal domestication has been extensively studied but the process of feralization remains poorly understood. Allelic richness ranged from 4.9 (Valais Red) to 6.7 (Brown Headed Meat sheep and Red Engadine Sheep). Both the Bayesian cluster and principal com-ponent analyses showed a reliable clustering pattern, which revealed three major clusters in Chinese indigenous sheep (Mongolian sheep, Kazakh sheep and Tibetan sheep), except Zhaotong and Guide Black Fur sheep. In Switzerland, conservation goals are embedded in the desire to carry the cultural legacy over to future generations. st) was between 0.100 (OarAE101) and 0.022 (OarFCB48). Chinese sheep breeds had maintained a high level of within-population genetic differentiation (95.23%), with the remainder explained by differentiation among populations (4.77%). The genetic consequences of population differentiation and isolation have been the subject of conservation biology. Qiao L; Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Forty-one microsatellites were analysed to assess genetic diversity in nine Swiss sheep breeds and to measure the loss of the overall diversity when one breed would become extinct. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) showed a significant deficit of heterozygosity in six investigated sheep populations when considering all loci (Supplementary Table ST2). Investigation of genetic relationship by phylogeny revealed four distinct clusters; the first cluster formed by four South Asian sheep breeds, the second cluster formed by Iraqi and Bulgarian sheep breeds; the third cluster formed by Iranian, Austrian, Burkina Faso and Peruvian sheep breeds and the fourth cluster formed by Punjab Urial and captive mouflon type sheep. An attempt is made to illustrate the influence on breed formation of environmental factors, in addition to those of genetics and selection. Population structure and genetic diversity in the Portuguese native breeds of pigs Alentejano (AL), Bísaro (BI), and Malhado de Alcobaça (MA) and the exotic breeds Duroc (DU), Landrace (LR), Large White (LW), and Pietrain were analyzed by typing 22 microsatellite markers in 249 individuals. -, Akey JM, Ruhe AL, Akey DT, Wong AK, Connelly CF, Madeoy J, et al. The microsatellite based nuclear DNA variations, thus confirmed the wild Punjab Urial sheep did not share any recent common ancestry with Asian domestic sheep, as reported earlier based on mitochondrial sequence variations. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifying the Different Molecular Genetic Markers Related to Production Performance and Meat Quality in, Sabeti PC, Varilly P, Fry B, Lohmueller J, Hostetter E, Cotsapas C, et al. Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep is one of a number of finewool breeds in China related to Xinjiang Finewool, as well as Russian Merino sheep. The genomic regions related to reproductive processes and immune system process of the stress responses according to GO analysis. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Growth Curve Parameters in Chinese Simmental Beef Cattle. One school of thought support the monophyletic origin of domestic chicken while others support the polyphyletic origin. of sheep habitat has accompanied urbanization in China. The degree of differentiation between subpopulations (F(ST)) indicates that 0.184 of the total genetic variability can be attributed to differences among breeds. In comparing the three statistical models, we note that the seven microsatellite loci (MAF65, OarJMP58, SRCRSP9, MCM140, OarAE129, BM8125 and SRCRSP5) commonly used for individual assignment will ensure a powerful detection of individual origin, with accuracy up to 91.87%, when the likelihood-based method is used. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, genetic differentiation.relationship and population structure among 10 Chinese sheep populations using 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Its overall base composition is A: 33.64%, T: 27.32%, C: 25.90%, and G: 13.14%, A + T (61.96%) was higher than G + C (39.04%). -, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhao F, Ren H, Xu L, Lu J, et al. Histogram of the LSBL and d i statistics distribution for each breed. In conclusion, the present study showed the Punjab Urial sheep being genetically closer to West Asian and East European sheep breeds as compared to South Asian sheep breeds. Weak structuring was observed either among Chinese indigenous sheep populations or between Asian and European sheep and this can be attributable to long-term strong gene flow induced by historical human movements. These results could provide a good reference for the protection and utilization of primary breed resources in China and phylogenic research on Asian sheep populations. The greatest genetic diversity was found in the loci of MAF70 ­ 18 alleles in all populations of the Edilbay sheep breed. Our results provide a valuable resource of the genomic information for identifying genes associated with important economic traits in sheep and for understanding the genetic characteristics of adaptation to different ecological environments. The average H-e for each flock was 0.667, 0.652 and 0.716, while PIC was 0.639, 0.643 and 0.714 for flocks 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The dwarf blue sheep (Pseudois schaeferi haltenorth) belongs the subfamily Caprinae, which is distributed in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, and Qinghai in China. Of the 25 SNPs, 22 were found to be polymorphic, whereas two SNPs, namely, TLR3_1081_AC and TLR9_2036_CT, were monomorphic in both Kilakarsal and Vembur sheep populations. Four Chinese sheep breeds were tested in this study so as to detect the intergroup distribution of ORMDL1 gene copy number variations: Chaka sheep (CK, n = 300 n = 300, Haixi state, Qinghai province, China), Hu sheep (HU, n = 198 n = 198, Pingle town, Mengjin county, Henan province, China), Small-tailed Han sheep (STH, n = 182 n = 182, Yongjing county, Gansu province, China), … (MAF70). Competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based end-point genotyping was performed using real-time PCR to type the SNPs. The average inter-individual allele sharing distance within breed was found to be lowest in South Asian sheep as compared to West Asian, European and Latin American sheep populations. An attempt is made to illustrate the influence on breed formation of environmental factors, in addition to those of genetics and selection. China has many sheep breeds, such as Tibetan and Mongolian sheep, that are widely distributed from the highlands to lowlands, many of which … A total of 96 animals of the five breeds were selected from different geographical locations with extremely dry or humid conditions. There were probably caused by different breeding his-tory, geography isolation and different levels of inbreeding. 4.3 HU-YANG BREED OF CHINA. Total number of alleles for the investigated 10 microsatellite markers was found to be 104, 72 and 45 for ADÜ-ÇÇKP, EA and MV flocks, respectively. We determined that Savak-Akkaraman sheep have distinct genotypes, which most likely resulted from the effects of different breeding histories, geographic distributions, ecological factors, or the effects of selection. The mean number of alleles and effective alleles number per locus were 10,70±0,73 and 7,33±0,58. In this study, a total Thirty-three of 143 Hardy Weinberg tests performed showed significant deviations (p < 0.05) due to a general lack of heterozygous individuals. A total of 55 sequences containing the Ovis aries mtDNA D: -loop of three large-fat-tailed sheep breeds, named Lanzhou, Tong, and Han were retrieved from GenBank to investigate their genetic diversity, origin, and phylogenetic evolution. Xie, C.X., 1985. Gansu Alpine Finewools were initially based on Mongolian and Tibetan ewes and was developed through backcrossing to … For comparison, 50 samples were collected from two Western breeds collected in China. Despite the three flocks were small in size number, had effective selective mating and gene flow, they matched with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, strongly proving the usefulness of MS as a genetic tool in population genetics analyses of sheep. The x2 test revealed that among the 25 microsatellites studied only ten were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium proportions.
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