PloS one. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, genetic differentiation.relationship and population structure among 10 Chinese sheep populations using 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Based on these results, we propose a novel origin for Chinese sheep. The incomplete demarcations of most clusters probably reflects cross-breeding and/or upgrading. Up to 312 additional samples belonging to the Awassi and Milchschaf sheep breeds and to six native Spanish dairy sheep breeds (Castellana, Churra, Latxa, Manchega, and Rubia de El Molar) as well as samples from Merino individuals to be used as the outgroup were also analysed observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, rarefacted number of alleles per locus and distances based on molecular coancestry information were computed. One of the world’s oldest civilizations has kept documentation of horses being used as early at 1600 BC. Based on the results presented here, we propose that Chinese native sheep can be divided into two genetic groups: the thin type (Tibetan group), and the fat type (Mongolian and Kazakh group). In this report, we assessed the latest of the non-gel-based methods, high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. Principal component analysis and Bayesian model-based clustering indicate a south-east to north-west cline, but also revealed distinct groups of Middle-Eastern fat-tailed sheep, south-eastern European sheep and north-western/western European sheep. The mean number of alleles per breed ranged from 5.44 (Guide Black Fur sheep) to 9.13 (Ujumqin sheep and Hulunbeier sheep), the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.623 (Guide Black Fur sheep) to 0.737 (Zhaotong sheep), and the allelic richness ranged from 5.169 (Guide Black Fur sheep) to 7.610 (Zhaotong sheep). we found that sheep differentiated on the basis of their “retrotype” and morphological traits dispersed across Eurasia and The number of alleles per microsatellite marker ranged from 7 (OarCP34) to 17 (OarFCB193), with an average of 11.5 alleles per locus. Breed uniqueness and within-breed variability generally had opposite effects on breed contributions to molecular diversity. There are only a few herds of black animals, and as a result, this variety is considered in Spain to be a special protected endangered breed, receiving funds for its conservation. The majority breeds are consistent with the geographical distribution and breed characteristic. Animal Bureau of Shandong Province, 1999. The other region was in OAR 6 including four genes (PKD2, SPP1, MEPE, and IBSP) associated with a milk production quantitative trait locus. The cluster trees were constructed by UPMGA method. Previous studies have confirmed that the major high prolificacy gene cannot be used to detect high litter size. Cheng S, Wang X, Zhang Q, He Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Shi J. Iranian livestock diversity is still largely unexplored, in spite of the interest in the populations historically reared in this country located near the Fertile Crescent, a major livestock domestication centre. The finding showed closeness of flocks 1 and 2 to each other and Flock 3 to Flock 2 than to Flock 1. A unique haplotype and repressed horn-related tissue expression of RXFP2 were correlated with higher horn length, as well as spiral and horizontally extended horn shape. Genome-wide association studies for growth and meat production traits in sheep. All the six breeds deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, while the majority of markers complied. 2004;1(4):274–86. Sheep Breeds G - I; Gansu Alpine Finewool The Gansu Alpine Finewool was one of a number of finewool breeds in China which made use of Xinjiang Finewool, along with Russian Merino rams in its development. It is concluded that genetic differentiation of sheep breeds of Mongolian group in China is mainly the result of natural selection (different living conditions). Hair Productive Sheep Breeds: Merino, Rambouillet etc. The cluster trees were constructed by UPMGA method. 2006; Yuan et al. Histogram of the LSBL and d i statistics distribution for each breed. Fig 2. A. 2016 Nov 3;17(1):863. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3212-2. -, Akey JM, Ruhe AL, Akey DT, Wong AK, Connelly CF, Madeoy J, et al. The livestock breeds enumerated Include 14 horse, 2 camel, 14 yellow cattle, 4 dairy and milk/meat dual-purpose cattle, 8 water buffalo (types), 6 yak (types), 13 sheep, 18 goat and 15 swine. Within population inbreeding estimates (FIS = 0.0525) further supported low rate of inbreeding. People born in the year of the Sheep are very kind, gentle, polite and shy - they are followers who prefer to be given direction and guidance. The mean number of alleles (MNA) per population ranged from 2.5 to 7.6, with an average of 5.8. A wide array of indigenous sheep breeds with abundant phenotypic diversity exists for domestication and selection. Similar results were found by Bozzi et al. Variation in microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci has, until recently, relied heavily on the use of gel-based methods that can be both time consuming and difficult to genotype. The presence of null alleles is a potential cause of deficit in observed heterozygosity (Chapuis and Estoup, 2007 Baumung et al. Three-branch phylogeny constructed from pairwise F ST. The allele frequency, mean heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, effective number of alleles, genetic distance，and dendrogram analysis were used to assess the genetic variability and genetic relationships among the seven breeds. This study aimed to provide information on the genetic structure of the Kail breed. Using two methods, the greatest genetic distance was detected between the Costa Rican line of Romosinuano and the Senepol. Altogether, we found reproductive related genes (BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9 and MTNR1A) and immune related genes (PGLYRP2, TRIM15, TRIM40, SOCS7 and TFAM) in the three sheep breeds. Semi-feralization has an extensive impact on diverse phenotypic traits of sheep. a b s t r a c t To determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Chinese sheep, 10 indigenous breeds and one introduced breed were genotyped for 19 microsatellite loci. The average Wright F-statistics (FIS ) of the breeds was 0.107, suggesting moderate levels of inbreeding. Meanwhile, 380 samples were used to detect the genotypes of the candidate variations by mapping to their reads databases in the Sequence Read Archive repository of GenBank. Nei's standards (DS) and Reynolds' (DR) genetic distances reproduced the same population ranking. In contrast, much lower F IS value of 0.024 has been reported in indigenous sheep breeds of China, TheHistoryandGeography of Human GenesOrigin, geneticdiversity,andpopulationstructureofChinesedomesticsheep, Cavalli-Sforza,L.L.,Menozzi,P.,Piazzi,A.,1994.TheHistoryandGeography of Human Genes. Similar results were found by Bozzi et al. selection The panel used for genotyping the animals contained 10 microsatellites (Table 1) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2011), and the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) for diversity studies in sheep. as functional polymorphisms at candidate genes for disease resistance in Avian Viral Diseases. Different types of Sheep Breeds. The mean number of alleles was the lowest in Oriental Purebred (6.7), the highest in Sanfratellano (8.3). distruct, available at http://www.cmb.usc.edu/~noahr/distruct.html, can also be used to display subpopulation assignment probabilities when individuals are assumed to have ancestry in only one group. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. NIH evaluation, conservation and utilization of available genetic resources are developed for this species. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses displayed a remarkable degree of The objective of this study was to locate the genetic region responsible for the four‐horned phenotype and to verify a previously reported polled locus in three Chinese breeds. The entire mitochondrial control region for 55 samples was then sequenced to construct a phylogenetic tree and median joining network. We also identified known candidate genes such as BMPR1B, MSRB3, and three genes (KIT, MC1R, and FRY) that influence lambing percentage, ear size and coat phenotypes, respectively. In Kilakarsal sheep, the test for HWE revealed TLR9_1308_GC SNP locus with significant deviation (p<0.05) due to heterozygosity deficit. Liu Z, Ji Z, Wang G, Chao T, Hou L, Wang J. BMC Genomics. The methods examined are UPGMA, Farris' (1972) method, and Tateno et al. Significantly positive relationships between the level of genetic differentiation and geographical distance and genetic distances were detected. The global F IS observed in the present study is much lower than the previous reports in European sheep (0.123) [15], Nigerian sheep (0.335) [16], and Bulgarian sheep (0.288) [17]. in China. and migration) had acted on these populations. New breeds ... Chinese Meishan Pig, native to South China, displayed traits of … Conclusions: to determine the genetic diversity in Colombian indigenous sheep by using a panel of 10 microsatellite molecular markers. 2010;107(3):1160–5. A later migratory episode, involving sheep with improved production traits, shaped the great majority of present-day breeds. Background A JOINT Australian-Chinese initiative to boost China’s sheep meat production by doubling the production of local flocks over the next 3-5 years was announced this week. In this study, the genetic relationships and admixture among Sanfratellano, the other two Sicilian autochthonous breeds and Maremmano breed were assessed using a set of microsatellites. The sheep (Ovis aries L.) has been an important farm animal species since its domestication. The number of alleles varied from 10 for loci SRCRSP5 and SRCRSP9 to 23 for the locus ILSTS28. The SNP markers within five TLR genes (TLR3, TLR5, TLR6, TLR9, and TLR10) utilized for genotyping in this study were highly polymorphic in Kilakarsal and Vembur breeds of sheep. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic characteristics of six breeds of Chinese local sheep using 19 microsatellite loci and to effectively validate statistical methods for individual assignment based on informative microsatellites. Except for SRCRSP 9 and ILSTS 28 loci, the OH was always lower than the EH. A genome-wide scan of selective sweep identified several candidate loci including a region at chromosome 13, a haplotype of which underwent rapid evolution and spread through fat-tailed populations in China and the Middle East. (PIC). Noticeably, the Black3 population showed the wild-type allele for the MC1-R locus related to white colour at a significant frequency of 0.208. Here, we aimed to evaluate genetic selection among three different types of sheep breed: two well-known commercial mutton breeds and one indigenous Chinese breed. Estimates of nucleotide substitutions (genetic distances) were then computed for all pairs of the nucleotide sequences that were generated at the end of the evolution considered, and from these estimates a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed and compared with the true model tree. This result was according to reporting by other scientists (Jiang et al., 2014;Lancioni et al., 2013; ... Eleven Ovis aries breeds clustered with Awang and wild Huoba, Andi clustered with them, Pseudois nayaur clustered with Pseudois schaeferi, then two groups clustered together, six Capra as another group clustered with them. The genetic diversity was evaluated by measuring expected (H-e) and observed (H-o) heterozygosity, Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and the number of alleles per locus. 2011), Northern Eurasia (Tapio et al. In the present study, we provide evidence that a novel maternal lineage (haplotype C) is exhibited in Chinese native sheep. Meanwhile, genetic variations among 482 individuals from 9 populations were genotyped with 10 microsatellites. This study will help to interpret the genetic characters of Chinese indigenous sheep and benefit to the future conservation programs. (2006), ... Our study showed that the fifteen Tibetan sheep populations native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are clustered into four groups: 490 Tibetan sheep represent the maternal origin of the haplogroup of lineage A, 64 Tibetan sheep represent the maternal origin of the haplogroup of lineage B, 81 Tibetan sheep represent the maternal origin of the haplogroup of lineage C, and 1 Tibetan sheep represents the maternal origin of the haplogroup of lineage D. This genetic relationship displayed a high consistency with traditional classification schemes and the results of previous studies [27,[46][47][48]. The observed alleles have different size from other shows the existence of private alleles for flocks. A. Results: As in other mammals, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes which are encoded on the light strand. Tibetan sheep were the most diverse population with the highest mean allelic richness (6.895), while Ujmuqin (UQ) harboured the lowest allelic richness (6.000). Furthermore, results of heterozygosities, individual assignment test, and distance values indicate a crossbreeding of Black3 and White animals. The main reason for this seems to be that the Farris method often gives overestimates of branch lengths. 's (1982) modified Farris method. Considerable mitochondrial diversity was observed in Chinese sheep. Breeds of Domestic Animal and Poultry in Shandong. The phylogenetic relationships was analyzed using the complete mitogenome sequence, results show that wild Huoba Tibetan sheep should be a different species differ from the Ovis aries. Investigation of results demonstrated deficiency of heterozygosity and low genetic differentiation within in three populations. Technology Publishers, Shanghai (in Chinese). Mongolian sheep and its subspecies (Hu sheep and Tan sheep) differ in a number of important traits, especially reproductive traits; however, the potential genetic information still uncertain. The average number of nucleotide differences was 19.635. Materials and Methods In Vembur sheep, TLR10_82_CT and TLR10_292_CG loci showed significant deviation (p<0.05) due to heterozygosity excess. For this article, we classified large dog breeds as above 50 pounds in weight. The expected heterozygosities varied from 0.65 to 0.74 and 10.8% of the total genetic diversity can be explained by the variation among breeds. ... Fat-tailed sheep are commonly found in Asia and northern Africa [1]. Sanfratellano is a native Sicilian horse breed, mainly reared in the north east of the Island, developed in the 19th century from local dams and sires with a restricted introgression of Oriental, African and, more recently, Maremmano stallions. 2011 Oct;43(7):1289-96. doi: 10.1007/s11250-011-9852-y. Genes (Basel). And we got many credible candidate genes which not only confirm the results of previous reports, but also provide a suite of novel candidate genes in defined breeds to guide hybridization breeding. ... Five Pseudois breeds clustered with two Pseudois schaeferi and three Pseudois nayaur, Capra falconeri clustered with Capra hircus, Capra pyrenaica clustered with Capra ibex, Capra nubiana clustered with Capra sibirica, then two group (21 ovis aries breeds) clustered with vignei argal and ammon hodgsoni. It is generally believed that domestic sheep have two maternal lineages (haplotypes A and B), based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. By using endogenous retroviruses as genetic markers, The ability to differentiate genetically primitive sheep from more modern Previous studies indicate that TBXT mutations are responsible for the tailless or short‐tailed phenotype of many vertebrates. Iranian sheep have a low level of genetic differentiation, as indicated by the analysis of molecular variance, which allocated a very small proportion (1.67%) of total variation to the between-population component, and by the small fixation index (FST = 0.02). It wouldn’t be until the 4th century BC that horse In general, the markers used were greatly polymorphic, with mean total and effective number of alleles per locus of 10.68 and 4.33, respectively, and an expected heterozygosity of 0.667 across loci. For comparison, 50 samples were collected from two Western breeds collected in China. Background There are abundant sheep breed resources in the Xinjiang region of China attributing to its diverse ecological system, which include several high-litter size sheep populations. Zheng, P.L., 1988. The high levels of intra-population diversity in Chinese sheep and the weak phylogeographic structuring indicated three geographically independent domestication events have occurred and the domestication place was not only confined to the Near East, but also occurred in other regions. In the computer simulation, eight OTUs (32 OTUs in one case) were assumed to evolve according to a given model tree, and the evolutionary change of a sequence of 300 nucleotides was followed. In this way, although Black3 animals are black in phenotype, this population is near to the white population in genotype, because only 16.6% were assigned to the black variety. Many are some of the hardiest breeds in the world today. We first combined locus-specific branch lengths and di statistical methods to detect candidate regions targeted by selection in the three different populations. 2019 Dec 23;10(1):33. doi: 10.3390/ani10010033. -. Genotypes of 47 animals from each of these STARS herds were analysed for genetic diversity and genetic distance. Zhong et al. PLoS biology. We found these two methods were highly correlated, and identified many growth-related candidate genes undergoing artificial selection. With the establishment of modern sheep production systems in China, various forms of hybridization with Western breeds and The analysis of individual distances based on allele sharing indicates that animals of the same breed generally cluster together, but subdivision is observed in the BI and LR breeds. Both the tree and network demonstrated a topology of three groups, which is in consistent with the SSCP analysis. Copy number variations (CNVs) are increasingly recognized as a key and potent source of genetic variation and phenotypic diversity, but little is known about the extent to which CNVs contribute to genetic variation in Chinese sheep breeds. 2008;Agaviezor et al. ... Ti-betan sheep defines separate group except for Minxian black fur sheep which were produced by crossing Mongolian-type sheep. Big Chinese Dog Breeds. it) was between 0.167 (OarAE101) and 0.044 (MAF33). We selected 96 sheep samples from five local Chinese sheep breeds belonging to different geographical locations. Shenzhen Haitian Publishers (in Chinese). In total 47 samples of Kail sheep were genotyped. Together these factors have accelerated the loss of … The present study has shed light onto the understanding of fat metabolism. With the establishment of modern sheep production systems in China, various forms of hybridization with Western breeds and between native breeds have been utilized for genetic improvement. It can be concluded that the Assaf.E breed has low genetic variability and high genetic distance with respect native Spanish dairy sheep breeds. 2020 Mar 17;11(3):320. doi: 10.3390/genes11030320. The results showed that the sheep breeds in our study proved to be extremely diverse, the … Overall, Colombian sheep showed high levels of genetic diversity which is very important for future selection and animal breeding programs. The mean number of alleles and effective alleles number per locus were 10,70±0,73 and 7,33±0,58. Bonus: Chinese Dog Vocabulary included too. We demonstrate current limitations of the HRM method for the analysis of SSR loci. To characterize the origin, genetic diversity, and phylogeographic structure of Chinese domestic sheep, we here analyzed a 531-bp fragment of mtDNA control region of 449 Chinese autochthonous sheep from 19 breeds/populations from 13 geographic regions, together with previously reported 44 sequences from Chinese indigenous sheep. We report genome characterization of three native Chinese domestic sheep breeds discovering 3,537,483 SNPs and 47,890 InDels using whole genome resequencing. 2015 Mar 17;16(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1384-9. -, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhao F, Ren H, Xu L, Lu J, et al. China. Traditionally, Chinese indigenous sheep were classified geographically and morphologically into three groups: Mongolian, Kazakh and Tibetan. Phylogenetic analysis showed fine-wool sheep populations were clustered in a group independent from the Chinese indigenous breeds such that the 7 fine-wool sheep clustered distinct from Liangshan semifine-wool sheep (LS) and Hu sheep (HY) reflected by different population differentiation analyses. It would help if you were more alert this year because there is a clash between the Sheep natives and the Metal Ox Year. The sheep (Ovis aries) plays a major socio-economic role in the world. The population structure and genetic diversity of 57 European and Middle Eastern marginal and cosmopolitan sheep breeds from 15 countries were analysed by typing 31 microsatellite markers. The Bayesian clustering indicated five clusters as the most probable genetic structure of the populations investigated. China HONGFA White Park Cattle Similar Breeds Red And White Beef Cattle About Pig Farming Indigenous Breeds Of Sheep German Shee $100,000.00 / Set 1 Set (Min Order) China is abundant of sheep genetic resources. Chinese horse breeds have been pure-bred for centuries. Former: Venn diagram of selection windows from d i approach in three…, Fig 6. Methods: These results could provide a good reference for the protection and utilization of primary breed resources in China and phylogenic research on Asian sheep populations. F st values of genetic differentiation varied between 0,016 (MAF33) and 0,060 (BM1824), the average were 0,032, in that case, between in three populations F st values indicated low differentiation. Australian rural veterinary group Apiam Animal Health Ltd announced it will partner with the Chinese company Gansu Charming Sheep Breeder Co Ltd to establish breeds of meat sheep suited to Chinese … Six ovine and bovine MS located on chromosomes 2 and 6 of sheep genome were employed for genotyping three flocks in southern region of Jordan. Overall, these findings shed light onto the genetic characteristics of Chinese indigenous sheep and offer a set of microsatellite loci that is simple, economic and highly informative for individual assignment of Chinese sheep. HHS Building on a controversial breakthrough made in 2017, scientists announced on Saturday that they have created the second successful human-animal hybrids: sheep … Shaanxi Xian Hound The genetic differentiation index was low; only about 6% of the diversity was found among breeds. NLM As per the Sheep Chinese Horoscope 2021, ensure that you take control of your life to not lose important things because … Gene 376, 216–223. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) showed a significant deficit of heterozygosity in six investigated sheep populations when considering all loci (Supplementary Table ST2). -, Shriver MD, Kennedy GC, Parra EJ, Lawson HA, Sonpar V, Huang J, et al. Qiao L; Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. One major use of DNA techniques in conservation is to reveal genetic diversity within and between populations. Applications of our method include demonstrating the presence of population structure, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, and identifying migrants and admixed individuals.
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