english to cantonese pinyin

[3][52] It has also been accepted by the government of Singapore, the United States's Library of Congress, the American Library Association, and many other international institutions. Like, No equivalent in English, but similar to a sound between, a back, unrounded vowel (similar to English. The Basic Rules of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Orthography (汉语拼音正词法基本规则; 漢語拼音正詞法基本規則; Hànyǔ Pīnyīn Zhèngcífǎ Jīběn Guīzé) were put into effect in 1988 by the National Educational Commission (国家教育委员会; 國家教育委員會; Guójiā Jiàoyù Wěiyuánhuì) and the National Language Commission (国家语言文字工作委员会; 國家語言文字工作委員會; Guójiā Yǔyán Wénzì Gōngzuò Wěiyuánhuì). In addition to tone number and mark, tone color has been suggested as a visual aid for learning. [citation needed], Pinyin assigns some Latin letters sound values which are quite different from that of most languages. Exceptions are words traditionally connected: Surnames are separated from the given names, each capitalized: Titles following the name are separated and are not capitalized: The forms of addressing people with prefixes such as. Alternatively, some PDAs, tablet computers, and digitizing tablets allow users to input characters graphically by writing with a stylus, with concurrent online handwriting recognition. As the superset GB 18030 changed the mappings of ‘ḿ’ and ‘ǹ’,[50] this has caused issue where the input methods and font files use different encoding standard, and thus the input and output of both characters are mixed up.[49]. Many cooking methods are used, with steaming and stir frying being the most favoured due to their convenience and rapidity. Such dishes are cooked by covering and steaming, making the rice and ingredients very hot and soft. Typical ingredients for Cantonese style hotpot are razor shell (蟶子), crab (蟹), prawn (蝦), chicken sausage (雞肉腸仔) and dace fishball (魚旦). These ingredients are generally not served a la carte, but rather with vegetables or other Cantonese dishes. For example, uenian is written as wenyan because it is not clear which syllables make up uenian; uen-ian, uen-i-an, u-en-i-an, u-e-nian, and u-e-ni-an are all possible combinations, but wenyan is unambiguous since we, nya, etc. For a lot of traditional Cantonese cooks, the flavours of a dish should be well balanced and not greasy. Character dictionaryHelp. Other than Cantonese code, simple English words can be used to input as well (eg. For instance, in some recipes, only a small amount of soy sauce, ginger and spring onion is added to steamed fish. A number of dishes are traditionally served in Cantonese restaurants only at dinner time. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience", Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantonese_cuisine&oldid=1006317772, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, can be found served with roasted dishes, in congee with lean pork, and in a sweet pastry with lotus paste. Apart from that, spices should be used in modest amounts to avoid overwhelming the flavours of the primary ingredients, and these ingredients in turn should be at the peak of their freshness and quality. No equivalent in English. Cantonese or Yue cuisine is the cuisine of the Guangdong province of China, particularly the provincial capital, Guangzhou and the surrounding regions in the Pearl River Delta, including Hong Kong and Macau. In educational usage, to match the handwritten style, some fonts used a different style for the letter a and g to have an appearance of single-storey a and single-storey g. Fonts that follow GB/T 2312 usually make single-storey a in the accented pinyin characters but leaving unaccented double-storey a, causing a discrepancy in the font itself. They have been extensively documented in colonial Hong Kong records of the 19th and 20th centuries. Usually mixed with stir-fried vegetables. Due to The Basic Rules of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Orthography, all accented letters are required to have both uppercase and lowercase characters as per their normal counterparts. Besides pork, beef and chicken, Cantonese cuisine incorporates almost all edible meats, including offal, chicken feet, duck's tongue, frog legs, snakes and snails. Some chefs combine both dried and fresh varieties of the same items in a dish. Pinyin is also unsuitable for transcribing some Chinese spoken languages other than Mandarin, languages which by contrast have traditionally been written with Han characters allowing for written communication which, by its unified semanto-phonetic orthography, could theoretically be readable in any of the various vernaculars of Chinese where a phonetic script would have only localized utility. Taiwan (Republic of China) adopted Tongyong Pinyin, a modification of Hanyu Pinyin, as the official romanization system on the national level between October 2002 and January 2009, when it decided to promote Hanyu Pinyin. Pinyin with accents can be entered with the use of special keyboard layouts or various character map utilities. When the nucleus is /ə/ (written e or o), and there is both a medial and a coda, the nucleus may be dropped from writing. Many varieties of tong sui are also found in other Chinese cuisines. All of these are designed to use Latin letters in a similar way to pinyin. Today, many street signs in Taiwan are using Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations,[58][59] but some, especially in northern Taiwan, display Hanyu Pinyin-derived romanizations. [54][55], Since 1958, pinyin has been actively used in adult education as well, making it easier for formerly illiterate people to continue with self-study after a short period of pinyin literacy instruction.[56]. For daily usage there is no need to differentiate single-storey and double-storey a/g. The number used for each tone is as the order listed above, except the neutral tone, which is either not numbered, or given the number 0 or 5, e.g. The Google Pinyin Input is an input method (IME) optimized for typing Chinese on Android. For example, tóng is written tong². Specifically, if the spelling of a diphthong begins with i (as in ia) or u (as in ua), which serves as a near-semi-vowel, this letter does not take the tone marker. You put the Chinese text (in traditional or simplified or jyutyping notation) in the left box then press double click play and in the right box you'll hear the text pronounced. Other techniques include shallow frying, double steaming, braising and deep frying. Supports 21+ colorful themes with easy settings, this is the trendiest way to type … Each entry in the character dictionary consists of a Chinese character, radical / stroke count, English definition, Mandarin pinyin pronunciation, Yale & Jyutping Cantonese pronunciation, simplified / traditional variants and cangjie. And the booming of Huazhou sugar water stores prove it. The more expensive restaurants usually offer their specialty desserts. This page was last edited on 12 February 2021, at 06:37. Simple computer systems, able to display only 7-bit ASCII text (essentially the 26 Latin letters, 10 digits, and punctuation marks), long provided a convincing argument for using unaccented pinyin instead of Chinese characters. These are available as home-cooked meals, on dim sum side menus, or as street food at dai pai dongs, where they can be served with a variety of toppings such as fish balls, beef balls, or fish slices. Salt and pepper dishes are one of the few spicy dishes. "hotel" for "酒店 ") Quick Tips In Zhou Minglang and Sun Hongkai, eds. Barber, Nicola. A generic term for various stir-fried noodle dishes. Siu mei (烧味; 燒味; shāo wèi; siu1 mei6) is essentially the Chinese rotisserie style of cooking. There are basically two ways to make old fire soup – put ingredients and water in the pot and heat it directly on fire, which is called bou tong (煲汤; 煲湯; bāo tāng; bou1 tong1); or put the ingredients in a small stew pot, and put it in a bigger pot filled with water, then heat the bigger pot on fire directly, which is called dun tong (燉汤; 燉湯; dùn tāng; dun6 tong1). Romanization preferences quickly became associated with issues of national identity. Choose the character/word among the list by the corresponding number. The spelling of Chinese geographical or personal names in pinyin has become the most common way to transcribe them in English. Chinese families outside of Taiwan who speak some other language as their mother tongue use the system to teach children Mandarin pronunciation when they learn vocabulary in elementary school. The ISO adopted pinyin as the standard romanization for modern Chinese in 1982 (ISO 7098:1982, superseded by ISO 7098:2015). On the other hand, the Teochew cuisine and Hakka cuisine of Guangdong are considered their own styles, as is neighbouring Guangxi's cuisine despite eastern Guangxi being considered culturally Cantonese due to the presence of ethnic Zhuang influences in the rest of the province. A number of dishes have been part of Cantonese cuisine since the earliest territorial establishments of Guangdong. Ginger, chili peppers, five-spice powder, powdered black pepper, star anise and a few other spices are also used, but often sparingly. Lou mei (卤味; 滷味; lǔ wèi; lou5 mei6) is the name given to dishes made from internal organs, entrails and other left-over parts of animals. Another system, called the National Phonetic Symbols (or BoPoMoFo after the first four letters) and mostly used in Taiwan, does use unique Chinese symbols for the sounds of the Chinese language. Scan with Auto-Translate Lookup English, Chinese, Pinyin Understand Chinese Instantly. [42] These rules became a Guóbiāo recommendation in 1996[42][43] and were updated in 2012. 枢纽部分——中央大厅 shūniǔ bùfèn — zhōngyāng dàtīng. This site contains thousands of print-friendly Chinese reference sheets, tests, revision aids and a unique Chinese dictionary called CantoDict. In spoken Chinese, the third tone is often pronounced as a "half third tone", in which the pitch does not rise. Other than Cantonese code, simple English words can be used to input as well (eg. WebTranslate with Google and Microsoft. Hanyu Pinyin (simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; pinyin: Hànyǔ Pīnyīn), often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and Taiwan (ROC). Briefly, the tone mark should always be placed by the order—a, o, e, i, u, ü, with the only exception being iu, where the tone mark is placed on the u instead. The latter way can keep the most original taste of the soup. If more choices are available, use Spacebar or PgUp/PgDn or +/-buttons to navigate between pages. Dim sum restaurants stop serving bamboo-basket dishes after the yum cha period (equivalent to afternoon tea) and begin offering an entirely different menu in the evening. Rohsenow, John S. 1989. Indicates breaking of meaning mid-sentence. Bay Books. Cantonese or Yue cuisine is the cuisine of the Guangdong province of China, particularly the provincial capital, Guangzhou and the surrounding regions in the Pearl River Delta, including Hong Kong and Macau. Due to Guangdong's location along the South China Sea coast, fresh seafood is prominent in Cantonese cuisine, and many Cantonese restaurants keep aquariums or seafood tanks on the premises. "hotel" for "酒店 ") Quick Tips do not exist in pinyin. This results in some degree of ambiguity as to which words are being represented. (CC-Canto is an optional download in the "Free" section of the "Add-ons" screen) This site incorporates data from our open-source CC-Canto database along with data from the open-source CC-CEDICT database; see this page to … This Cantonese learning tool allows you to enter Cantonese text and hear it read aloud. "[48], Because Pinyin is purely a representation of the sounds of Mandarin, it completely lacks the semantic cues and contexts inherent in Chinese characters. There is a saying that Chinese sugar water is in Guangdong, and Cantonese sugar water in Huazhou. Usually this is a saucepan or braising pan (see clay pot cooking). Marks for the neutral tone, can be placed before the neutral-tone syllable. SimSun) that adheres to GBK include both characters in the Private Use Areas, and some input methods (e.g. Deep-fried vegetarian goose wrapped in tofu skin. Other than Cantonese code, simple English words can be used to input as well (eg. Used for omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from a quoted passage. Pinyin superseded older romanization systems such as Wade–Giles (1859; modified 1892) and postal romanization, and replaced zhuyin as the method of Chinese phonetic instruction in mainland China. There is no widespread use of fresh herbs in Cantonese cooking, in contrast with their liberal use in other cuisines such as Sichuanese, Vietnamese, Lao, Thai and European. A dictionary/translation software store where you can try or buy software to help yourself learn Chinese and other languages. After the evening meal, most Cantonese restaurants offer tong sui (糖水; táng shuǐ; tong4 seoi2; 'sugar water'), a sweet soup. [2004] (2004) Hong Kong. It is aimed to help you speak, read and write Hong Kong Chinese. It is not unusual to see spellings on street signs and buildings derived from the older Wade–Giles, MPS2 and other systems. [53][failed verification]. Attempts to make pinyin standard in Taiwan have had uneven success, with most place and proper names remaining unaffected, including all major cities. This is a living Chinese dictionary that lets you contribute your Chinese learning experience to the community. Noodles are served either in soup broth or fried. The precise color values used by Dummitt, the MDBG Chinese Online Dictionary, Hanping, and Pleco are taken from Laowai's blog. If not, it is not capitalized: Single words are abbreviated by taking the first letter of each character of the word: A group of words are abbreviated by taking the first letter of each word in the group: Initials can also be indicated using full stops: When abbreviating names, the surname is written fully (first letter capitalized or in all caps), but only the first letter of each character in the given name is taken, with full stops after each initial: Words can only be split by the character: Apostrophes are removed in line wrapping: When the original word has a hyphen, the hyphen is added at the beginning of the new line: Coordinate and disjunctive compound words, where the two elements are conjoined or opposed, but retain their individual meaning: Other idioms are separated according to the words that make up the idiom: The Chinese full stop (。) is changed to a western full stop (. Garlic chives and coriander leaves are notable exceptions, although the former are often used as a vegetable and the latter are usually used as mere garnish in most dishes. [2] Until the late 20th century, most Chinese restaurants in the West served largely Cantonese dishes. It is cooked by adding water and sugar to some other cooking ingredients. A recent study on Chinese writing and literacy concluded, "By and large, pinyin represents the Chinese sounds better than the Wade–Giles system, and does so with fewer extra marks. Auto-Translate with Google (up to 89 languages) and Microsoft (up to 49 languages). That is, in the absence of a written nucleus the finals have priority for receiving the tone marker, as long as they are vowels: if not, the medial takes the diacritic. free online English keyboard to engage with internet or touch-screen computers in your native language. Char siu is often marinated with plum sauce and honey for sweet flavour. No equivalent in English, but similar to an unaspirated "-chy-" sound when said quickly. Families outside of Taiwan who speak Mandarin as a mother tongue use pinyin to help children associate characters with spoken words which they already know. Before the advent of computers, many typewriter fonts did not contain vowels with macron or caron diacritics. The placement of the tone marker, when more than one of the written letters a, e, i, o, and u appears, can also be inferred from the nature of the vowel sound in the medial and final. Usually the ingredients are layered on top of the rice with little or no mixing in between. Unlike most other Cantonese dishes, siu mei solely consists of meat, with no vegetables. Hyphenation between abbreviated compounds. An algorithm to find the correct vowel letter (when there is more than one) is as follows:[38]. GBK has mapped two characters ‘ḿ’ and ‘ǹ’ to Private Use Areas in Unicode as U+E7C7 () and U+E7C8 () respectively,[51] thus some Simplified Chinese fonts (e.g. The pinyin letters (26 Roman letters, plus ü and ê) are used to approximate the non-Han language in question as closely as possible. ", "Proposal to encode three uppercase Latin letters used in early Pinyin", A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition), "Use of the Hyphen; Abbreviations and Short Forms", "自制像素字体7年后总算升了0.5版本：Ozla 5.5"Mendelev"(钔捷列夫)", "OPINION: Hanyu Pinyin Should Not Be Political, Kaohsiung", "Taiwan passport can now include names in Hoklo, Hakka, indigenous languages", "Groups protest use of Hanyu pinyin for new MRT line - Taipei Times", Basic rules of the Chinese phonetic alphabet orthography, Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinyin&oldid=1006023688, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2016, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with failed verification from January 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Alveo-palatal. Dictionary lookup in any combination of Chinese, English and Pinyin. However, there are often ambiguities in partitioning a word. Pinyin is a Romanization system used to learn Mandarin. Sogou Pinyin) also outputs the Private Use Areas code point instead of the original character. In Cantonese cuisine, a number of ingredients such as sugar, salt, soy sauce, rice wine, cornstarch, vinegar, scallion and sesame oil, suffice to enhance flavour, although garlic is heavily used in some dishes, especially those in which internal organs, such as entrails, may emit unpleasant odours. Sugar water is the general name of dessert in Guangdong province. Tongyong Pinyin was made the official system in an administrative order that allowed its adoption by local governments to be voluntary. [44], Pinyin is now used by foreign students learning Chinese as a second language, as well as Bopomofo. Typing with this Chinese keyboard is the fastest way to type - you don't need any other Chinese input tools. Not only are your search results ranked by frequency of everyday usage so you get accurate results, but it includes Mandarin pronunciation guides with audio, Cantonese pronunciations guides, simplified Chinese characters, traditional Chinese characters, written … If a proper noun is written together with a common noun to make a proper noun, it is capitalized. See the pinyin table article for a summary of possible pinyin syllables (not including tones). In Cantonese cuisine, as in cuisines from other parts of Asia, if seafood has a repugnant odour, strong spices and marinating juices are added; the freshest seafood is odourless and, in Cantonese culinary arts, is best cooked by steaming. For example, the continued spreading of the idea that shark cartilage can cure cancer has led to decreased shark populations even though scientific research has found no evidence to support the credibility of shark cartilage as a cancer cure. Spacing in pinyin is usually based on words, and not on single syllables. A few are synonymous with Cantonese breakfast and lunch,[4] even though these are also part of other cuisines. Like, Alveo-palatal. The fifth tone (neutral tone) is represented by a normal vowel without any accent mark: Otherwise, the second vowel takes the tone mark, As in zhuyin, syllables that are actually pronounced as. However, lamb and goat are less commonly used than in the cuisines of northern or western China. Preferences split along party lines: the KMT and its affiliated parties in the pan-blue coalition supported the use of Hanyu Pinyin while the Democratic Progressive Party and its affiliated parties in the pan-green coalition favored the use of Tongyong Pinyin. Usually added to rice together with preserved-salted duck and pork. naam4 bak1 hang6 sai1 joeng4 coi3 zyu1 gwat1 tong1. ), Ellipsis can be changed from 6 dots (......) to 3 dots (...), All other punctuation marks are the same as the ones used in normal texts, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 16:56. The majority of siu laap is white meat. All Cantonese-style cooked meats, including siu mei, lou mei and preserved meat can be classified as siu laap (烧腊; 燒臘; shāo là; siu1 laap6). Although Cantonese cooks pay much attention to the freshness of their primary ingredients, Cantonese cuisine also uses a long list of preserved food items to add flavour to a dish. Usually eaten with rice in a family meal. Key features: - QWERTY Pinyin keyboard with gesture typing and intelligent correction - 9 key Pinyin keyboard with gesture typing - Stroke keyboard - Full screen and half screen handwriting keyboard - Latin … Pinyin-like systems have been devised for other variants of Chinese. If the tone is written over an i, the tittle above the i is omitted, as in yī. Some items gain very intense flavours during the drying/preservation/oxidation process and some foods are preserved to increase their shelf life. Strictly speaking, Cantonese cuisine is the cuisine of Guangzhou or of Cantonese speakers, but it often includes the cooking styles of all the speakers of Yue Chinese … The United Nations followed suit in 1986. [2005] (2005). English to Chinese dictionary with Mandarin Pinyin & Handwriting Recognition - learn Chinese faster with MDBG! [citation needed], Certain Cantonese delicacies consist of parts taken from rare or endangered animals, which raises controversy over animal rights and environmental issues. Guangdong Romanization is a set of romanizations devised by the government of Guangdong province for Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka (Moiyen dialect), and Hainanese. ma). The exception is that, for triphthongs that are spelled with only two vowel letters, both of which are the semi-vowels, the tone marker goes on the second spelled vowel. It is said that Huazhou sugar water is the famous and popular one in Guangdong. The first letter of a proper noun is capitalized: On some occasions, proper nouns can be written in. Pinyin tone marks appear primarily above the nucleus of the syllable, for example as in kuài, where k is the initial, u the medial, a the nucleus, and i the coda. Pinyin's role in teaching pronunciation to foreigners and children is similar in some respects to furigana-based books (with hiragana letters written above or next to kanji, directly analogous to zhuyin) in Japanese or fully vocalised texts in Arabic ("vocalised Arabic"). Chinese Keyboard lets you type in English characters which gets instantly converted to Simplified Chinese using phonetics. Gareth Stevens Publishing. The four main tones of Standard Mandarin, pronounced with the syllable, When using pinyin IME, choosing ḿ/ǹ outputs, Background: romanization of Chinese before 1949, Words, capitalization, initialisms and punctuation, The colors used here to illustrate Unimelb and Thomas are only approximate. While many of these are on the menus of typical Cantonese restaurants, some simpler ones are more commonly found in Cantonese homes. The most popular of these, Hanyu pinyin, uses the same Latin alphabet as English. If more choices are available, use Spacebar or PgUp/PgDn or +/-buttons to navigate between pages. "insurance" for "保險 ") Quick Tips Pinyin has become a tool for many foreigners to learn Mandarin pronunciation, and is used to explain both the grammar and spoken Mandarin coupled with Chinese characters (汉字; 漢字; Hànzì). Chefs trained in Cantonese cuisine are highly sought after throughout China. This is often[according to whom?] Home-made Cantonese dishes are usually served with plain white rice. Enter Pinyin code within the white main input area. Although there are no formal standards, there are a number of different color schemes in use, Dummitt's being one of the first. Tones were thus represented by placing a tone number at the end of individual syllables. ma⁵ for 吗／嗎, an interrogative marker. Old fire soup, or lou fo tong (老火汤; 老火湯; lǎohuǒ tāng; lou5 fo2 tong; 'old fire-cooked soup'), is a clear broth prepared by simmering meat and other ingredients over a low heat for several hours. Some desserts are traditional, while others are recent innovations. Download our free Chinese dictionary apps for iOS or Android (Google Play / direct APK) to get this same content offline on your mobile device. [5], Branch of Chinese traditional cuisine native to Guangdong. Usually paired with steamed pork or added to fried rice together with diced chicken. Lowercase letters with tone marks are included in GB/T 2312 and their uppercase counterparts are included in JIS X 0212; thus Unicode includes all the common accented characters from pinyin.[49]. In pinyin, words like "hello" are still written with two third tones (nǐhǎo). This results in spellings that are different from both the customary spelling of the place name, and the pinyin spelling of the name in Chinese: Tongyong Pinyin was developed in Taiwan for use in rendering not only Mandarin Chinese, but other languages and dialects spoken on the island such as Taiwanese, Hakka, and aboriginal languages. Simonds, Nina. Books containing both Chinese characters and pinyin are often used by foreign learners of Chinese. Little pot rice (煲仔饭; 煲仔飯; bāozǎifàn; bou1 zai2 faan6) are dishes cooked and served in a flat-bottomed pot (as opposed to a round-bottomed wok). [49] Unicode did not provide an official way to encode single-storey a and single-storey g, but as IPA require the differentiation of single-storey and double-storey a and g, thus the single-storey character ɑ/ɡ in IPA should be used if the need to separate single-storey a and g arises. Enter Cantonese code within the white main input area. [60] Official pinyin use is controversial, as when pinyin use for a metro line in 2017 provoked protests, despite government responses that “The romanization used on road signs and at transportation stations is intended for foreigners... Every foreigner learning Mandarin learns Hanyu pinyin, because it is the international standard...The decision has nothing to do with the nation’s self-determination or any ideologies, because the key point is to ensure that foreigners can read signs.”[61]. Chinese herbs are often used as ingredients. Dried items are usually soaked in water to rehydrate before cooking. Personal names on Taiwanese passports honor the choices of Taiwanese citizens, who can choose Wade-Giles, Hakka, Hoklo, Tongyong, aboriginal, or pinyin. Soup chain stores or delivery outlets in cities with significant Cantonese populations, such as Hong Kong, serve this dish due to the long preparation time required of slow-simmered soup. Pinyin Definition Cantonese Variants Unicode Value GB Value Big5 Value Components Tone marks: English Look-up: English word: Pinyin Look-up: Pinyin: (with or without tone number, 1-5) Cantonese Look-up: Yale Cantonese Spelling: Stroke Count Look-up: Character total stroke count: Paste in Character: Paste or Type in a Other symbols that are used in pinyin is as follow: Other punctuation mark and symbols in Chinese are to use the equivalent symbol in English noted in to GB/T 15834. In a triphthong spelled with three of a, e, i, o, and u (with i or u replaced by y or w at the start of a syllable), the first and third letters coincide with near-semi-vowels and hence do not receive the tone marker (as in iao or uai or iou). A few localities with governments controlled by the KMT, most notably Taipei, Hsinchu, and Kinmen County, overrode the order and converted to Hanyu Pinyin before the January 1, 2009 national-level decision,[6][7] though with a slightly different capitalization convention than mainland China.
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